Canada is the second-largest country in the world by land area, spanning from the Atlantic to the Pacific and into the Arctic. It comprises ten provinces and three territories, with Ottawa as its capital and Toronto as its largest city. Despite its vast size, Canada has a relatively modest population of around 40,126,723 people (2025), concentrated along the U.S. border.
Known for its high standard of living, Canada ranks among the top globally in GDP per capita, education, life expectancy, and overall quality of life. Its economy is resource-rich and diversified, built on natural resources, a strong manufacturing base, and a dominant services sector employing the majority of the workforce. The U.S. remains its largest trade partner, though Canada is also active in global trade agreements.
Politically, Canada is a stable parliamentary democracy under a federal system. The Prime Minister leads the government, while the British monarch remains the ceremonial head of state. Canada’s geography and northern climate make it vulnerable to climate change impacts, yet it continues to lead in renewable energy production, particularly hydroelectricity, even as it remains a top fossil fuel exporter.
Canada