The Netherlands, located in Western Europe, is a small but highly developed country known for its flat landscape, extensive canal systems, windmills, and progressive social policies. Bordered by Germany, Belgium, and the North Sea, the country also includes several Caribbean territories. Much of the land lies at or below sea level, and the Dutch have become world leaders in water management and flood control.
With a population of around 18,346,819 people in 2025, the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The capital city, Amsterdam, is a cultural and financial hub, while The Hague serves as the seat of government and is home to international institutions like the International Court of Justice. The country has a diverse population, with increasing ethnic and cultural diversity due to decades of immigration. Although traditionally Christian, today the Netherlands has a high rate of secularism, with many people identifying as non-religious.
The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. King Willem-Alexander serves as head of state, while executive power rests with the Prime Minister and elected parliament. The country is known for its liberal approach to issues like euthanasia, drug policy, and LGBTQ+ rights.
Economically, the Netherlands ranks among the top 20 economies globally, with a strong emphasis on international trade, logistics, and innovation. The Port of Rotterdam is the largest in Europe, making the Netherlands a crucial gateway for goods entering the continent. Major sectors include agriculture, chemicals, energy, and finance. Despite its size, the Netherlands plays an outsized role in global affairs, trade, and diplomacy.
Netherlands